What are the new features came with ES6 standards

Variables and Scope

• let and const – Block-scoped variable declarations replacing var
• Block scoping – Variables scoped to blocks instead of just functions

Functions

• Arrow functions – Shorter syntax with lexical this binding: (x) => x * 2
• Default parameters – function greet(name = “Guest”) { }
• Rest parameters – function sum(…numbers) { }
• Spread operator – Math.max(…array) or […array1, …array2]

Objects and Classes

• Class syntax – class, extends, super, static
• Object literal enhancements – Shorthand properties, computed property names, method definitions
• Destructuring assignment – const {name, age} = person or const [a, b] = array

Strings

• Template literals – Backtick strings with interpolation: `Hello ${name}`
• Multi-line strings – Native support in template literals
• New string methods – startsWith(), endsWith(), includes(), repeat()

Data Structures

• Map – Key-value pairs with any type as key
• Set – Collection of unique values
• WeakMap – Map with weak key references
• WeakSet – Set with weak references

Iteration

• Iterators and iterables – Objects that can be iterated with for…of
• for…of loop – Cleaner iteration over iterable objects
• Generators – Functions that can pause and resume: function*

Modules

• import/export – Native module system
• Default and named exports – export default and export { name }

Promises

• Promise object – For asynchronous operations
• Promise methods – then(), catch(), finally(), all(), race()

Symbols

• Symbol type – New primitive type for unique identifiers
• Well-known symbols – Like Symbol.iterator

Enhanced Object Capabilities

• Proxies – Intercept and customize object operations
• Reflect API – Methods for interceptable JavaScript operations

Enhanced Object Capabilities

• Proxies – Intercept and customize object operations
• Reflect API – Methods for interceptable JavaScript operations

Numbers and Math

• Binary and octal literals – 0b1010, 0o755
• New Number methods – Number.isNaN(), isFinite(), isInteger(), isSafeInteger()
• New Math methods – Math.trunc(), sign(), cbrt(), and more

Arrays

• Array methods – find(), findIndex(), fill(), copyWithin(), from(), of(), keys(), values(), entries()

Other Features

• Tail call optimization – Optimizes recursive calls (not widely implemented)
• Unicode improvements – Better support for Unicode characters
• Typed Arrays – Arrays for binary data

NOTE:

ES6 was a massive update that modernized JavaScript significantly and made it much more powerful and developer-friendly.